According to financial theory, long-term investors are those who prefer dividends. Meanwhile, on the contrary, short-term investors are those who prefer capital gain that is the difference buying price and selling price of the stock.
Regardless of the investment period, both short and long-term, both require proper strategy in order to make a profit. For long-term investment, you can rely on fundamental analysis. If the fundamental's well, then you do not have to worry about short-term correction, because in the long run the stock price will return to its intrinsic value. Meanwhile, for the short-term investments, there are two types of investors: investors and speculators. Differences between investors and speculators, investors still pay attention to fundamental analysis of the company. While the truly speculators are those who rely solely on stock price changes only.
Short-term investments, besides involving fundamental analysis also rely heavily on technical analysis. That is a technique of analysis by looking at the behavior of stock prices.
In order to obtain the optimal gain in the stock investment, it is also depends on the risk profiles and preferences of investors. If you have a bigger risk tolerance, then the short-term investments can give you optimal profits. It is because in your daily dealings actively and if you do right analysis, then it could reap the daily benefits daily. But, if your tolerance for risk is low, then invest for long-term play. Of course do not forget to fundamental analysis. Thus, you could reap the benefits, both dividends and capital gain in the future.
Alternatively, you could also do both short and long-term investing in stock investment. So, from some of your portfolio, there are some that you hold for the long-term and some for short-term. Thereby, you not only obtain capital gain, but also dividends.
Happy investing :)
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